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We can always learn something new from other RC aircraft modellers and pilots. Here are some helpful hints and tips.

What is a MAC Flap?

A MAC Flap is caused when a switch receives packets from two different interfaces with the same source MAC address. If this makes no sense, perhaps a quick summary of how switching at layer 2 works will help.

1. This leads me on to the next point: Big Mac recipes differ across the world, so once again we can’t generalize the supposed effects. In the U.K, for example, no high-fructose corn syrup is used.
2. One of the most common causes for a Mac getting slow is a full hard drive. Regardless of the size of your drive, you want at least 20 GB of free space at all times, preferably more. RELATED: How to Use Optimized Storage to Increase Disk Space. To check your Mac’s available storage, go to the Apple Menu About This Mac Storage tab.

Switches learn where hosts are by examining the source MAC address in frames received on a port, and populating its MAC address-table with an entry for that MAC address and port. Say a device ‘A’ with MAC aaaa.aaaa.aaaa (hereafter aaaa) sends a frame to device ‘B’ with MAC address bbbb. Assume A is on port 0/1 and B is on port 0/2. The switch populates it MAC address-table something like:

and floods the frame out of all other ports. When B replies the MAC address table becomes:

and the switch forwards the frame to port 0/1 – there is no need to flood now since the location of A is known.

If the switch were to then receive a frame on port 0/2 with a source MAC address of aaaa, there would be clash and the switch would log something like this:

and the MAC address-table would become:

What happens when B tries to send A a frame now? The switch won’t flood the frame as it knows a destination and it won’t send the frame back down the link – it gets dropped.

Lab time…

Let’s see if we can mimic this. This isn’t an easy thing to replicate so please forgive the artificial nature of the lab. I configured a switch with three hosts directly connected on VLAN 30. The hosts could ping each other and the MAC address-table was as follows:

Host A had an IP of 192.168.30.1 and was on port 1. Host B was 192.168.30.30 and on port 2. Host C was 192.168.30.254 and on port 3.

So, ping with host A:

Mac Is Bad

Ping with host B:

Next I manually set host A to have the same MAC address as host B (001a.2f22.d0c2). The results? Host B lost connectivity for a few seconds.

Here is the switch mac address table after the clone:

Here is what happened to Host B:

Yes, this is the same impact you would have if two hosts had the same MAC on your network – there is a reason they need to be unique!

What does all this mean?

Mac Is Badmac Is Bad Blogspot

When you have an annexe VLAN [1] the backbone can be thought of as a series of Layer 2 switches for that VLAN. The ‘Broadcast Domain’ stretches over the entire Backbone. This means the CPU of every host (including our core switches) on a VLAN will receive every broadcast from every other host – this is not ideal but the only way we can offer the same subnet at multiple sites in this generation of the backbone. Another term sometimes used is ‘Failure Domain’. That is, a failure in part of the VLAN could impact the entire core. It is because of this risk to other units that we are keen to make sure annexe VLANs are tightly managed.

[1] These are known as Layer 2 end-to-end VLANs as there is no routing involved. We have called them ‘switched’ VLANs in the past. VLANs with a Layer 3 interface or SVI on the backbone are known as Layer 3 Routed VLANs.

To return to the the issues MAC flaps will cause on your network, each switch in the backbone has a MAC address-table for your VLAN. If for some reason your MAC addresses appear from different locations you will get dropped packets and our logs will fill up with messages which cause issues when we raise a support case with Cisco as our network appears to have loops.

What could cause it?

There are two or three common causes that we see.

1. Local loops
2. NAC
3. Wireless

1. Local Loops

If you don’t run STP then you are far more likely to suffer from network loops. Here are a couple of resources: STP is your friend and Implementing Spanning Tree. The issue with an annexe VLAN is that a local loop is no longer so local and could cause problems everywhere, both for you and others.

2. NAC

There is a legitimate but ill-advised network design which can cause issues. If you have a L2 NAC which forces all traffic through itself then it is possible that a frame will need to leave site A, get switched through to site B only to return to site A, all with the same MAC address. See the image below. I’ve represented the Backbone as one red switch and the ingress and egress ports as tunnel entrances and exits. This design mustn’t be used with the current generation of the backbone.

3. Wireless

We used to run OWL and eduroam (Phase 1) over two VLANs which spanned the entire core. Due to the issues I’ve mentioned we changed this last year. Now the VLANs are local to the FroDos and routed through the core. Prior to doing this it was possible to roam from access points connected to different FroDos and cause MAC flaps.

What should I do next?

We’re going to keep an eye on the logs and will let Units know if they are causing MAC flaps. We’ll work with you as far as possible to locate the source of the issue and get things stable. If you aren’t yet running STP please can I urge you do consider doing so. The new backbone is still some years off so for the good of everyone we need to work together to reduce this. For units which cannot resolve this we may need to look at reverting to a fully routed connection, with each Annexe having its own subnet.

Do get in touch if you have any questions.

/Mac Tips /Why Are Macs Bad for Gaming? [Reasons Released in 2021]

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Who doesn’t want a Mac? Everybody does. Well, except for gamers. If you’re a serious gamer, you’re probably not playing on your Mac. That is if you even have a Mac.

As a serious gamer, you already know the answer to the question, why are Macs bad for gaming? You pretty much know the reasons why you can’t play the games that you love on a Mac.

However, do you know that there is now a way for you to enjoy the games you love on your Mac? Stick around and you will learn more about it here.

For the sake of the others who don’t know the answer to the question, why are Mac bad for gaming, well, there are three reasons why. Read on to learn more about them.

Article GuidePart 1. Reasons for Why Are Macs Bad for GamingPart 2. Cloud Gaming is Now Possible on Mac Bonus Tip: A Powerful Tool to Optimize A Mac Machine for Better Performance

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Part 1. Reasons for Why Are Macs Bad for Gaming

Reason #1: Macs Were Not Marketed as Gaming Machines

Let’s walk down memory lane. Did you know that Mac was actually known to have some awesome games in it? Yes, it’s true. During the 80’s that was exactly what the scenario was for Mac.

Between the Mac and the PC, the latter was known to be more functional than a gaming machine. Hence, Mac was the one that was known to be as a fun, gaming machine.

All that changed when Apple decided to rebrand itself. They started to position themselves as a more serious brand in the market. They wanted to go beyond the fun and learning functions of a computer so that they could be taken more seriously. Hence, they downplayed the concept of gaming in their culture.

Apple just didn’t want to be known as a fun machine in the business. They didn’t want people in the workplaces to end up playing games on their computers.

Over time, it was realized that the workplace didn’t really need serious computers. As long as the computers were functional, they were good to go.

As Windows made its way in the workplace, it also created and developed APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) so that it was easy to program a game for Windows. That pretty much paved the way for PCs to enter the homes, with parents focusing on productivity and kids focusing on games.

As that was happening, Apple was still focusing on how to position themselves as serious machines in the market. With the market gearing towards PCs for gaming. Apple was pretty much able to appeal to a different kind of audience, which obviously did not consist of serious gamers.

Reason #2: Hardware Is Not Powerful Enough for Gaming

No one can deny that Apple products are awesome. However, not everyone can afford them. They’re pretty expensive, right?

Cost is not the only reason as to why some folks prefer a PC over a Mac. Face it, there are a lot of things that can be done on a PC for free. Unfortunately, that’s just not the case with Mac. For serious gamers, the cost is not the only reason why they prefer a PC over Mac.

So, why are Macs bad for gaming? When it comes to gaming, the hardware is king. It needs to be able to support powerful graphic cards that can run games.

Sure, the processors of most Macs are pretty good. Only the Mac books, specifically the Mac Book Pro has a Quad-core Processor. Yes, the displays are awesome as well on almost all Macs. When it comes to RAM and storage, they’re not bad as well. As a matter of fact, both Mac Books and their desktop versions are pretty good in terms of RAM and storage.

There’s just one thing that horrible in Macs when it comes gaming and that is the graphics. Most Mac models rely on integrated Intel graphics cards that are underpowered. Needless to say, integrated graphic cards aren’t great for gaming. Even with the best APUs, they’re just not going to work well at all.

Even if iMacs have their own dedicated graphic cards, they’re still not able to run a lot of games. Since Macs are more expensive than PCs, it makes it a very odd choice for gaming. PC is definitely a more affordable choice and it performs very well for gaming.

So why are Macs bad for gaming? Well, the answer is that their hardware is not cut out for gaming. It’s not powerful enough to run all the games for the serious gamer.

To make matter worse, their OS isn’t very popular when it comes to games. Compared to the 20000 games available on Windows, there are only about 7000 games available on Mac.

This is not to say that Mac is an inferior product because it definitely isn’t. It’s just not designed for gaming.

Reason #3: Macs Are Expensive to Upgrade

Serious gamers are always upgrading their hardware. The reason for that is because games are becoming more and more advanced. So, the next generation of games will always need more powerful hardware.

Unfortunately, Macs are not upgradable. They can’t be torn apart for the sole purpose of running a game. An attempt to do that would cost a lot of money. Hence, is the reason why serious gamers do not consider the Mac as a gaming machine.

Part 2. Cloud Gaming is Now Possible on Mac

So, a Mac may not be an ideal machine for gaming. However, it could be used for cloud gaming. Now, what exactly is cloud gaming?

Cloud gaming allows the gamer to have external accessibility to a computer or PC that’s on the cloud. The gamer uses the processing power of his or her Mac so that he or she is able to play some games.

How is that made possible? It’s made possible by NVIDIA’s GeForce Now.

GeForce Now for Mac offers ease-of-use and overall compatibility with a good number of popular PC games.

For serious gamers who want to experience playing on a Mac, here’s how GeForce Now can be set up.

1. Navigate to the GeForce Now website
2. Click on Download Now For Mac.
3. Drag and drop it to your Applications folder.
4. Launch the GeForce Now application.
5. Sign into the GeForce Now application.
6. Run a network test to check computer, network connection, internet service provider, and choose the closest NVIDIA GeForce Now server for better bandwidth and experience.
7. Go to the top, right-hand side of the screen to Manage Team. That will launch another application for the Steam environment.
8. Launch and run Steam. Choose and install a game to play.

The performance of GeForce Now is very impressive. It can run a lot of games with very low latency experience.

Hence, GeForce Now gives the gamer the ability to play PC games without having the need to run Windows on Mac. It also gives the gamer the ability to play games instantaneously without having to run an installer.

Considering the fact that GeForce Now is still in the beta stage, it’s just going to get better when it’s finally released.

Since GeForce Now is still in the beta stage, it’s still free of use. When it’s fully launched, it’s going to come with a monthly fee.

Bonus Tip: A Powerful Tool to Optimize A Mac Machine for Better Performance

Thanks to GeForce Now, it’s now possible to play games on Macs. Since there is no need to download any games with the GeForce Now, any Mac machine can be used to run any kind of PC games. Cloud gaming through GeForce Now levels up to the gaming experience on Mac.

To ensure the optimum performance of any Mac machine, it’s best to make use of the iMyMac PowerMyMac software. The PowerMyMac software not only cleans up a Mac machine; it also helps optimize its performance. This is very important especially if the Mac machine is going to be used for cloud gaming.

Since the PowerMyMac software cleans and optimizes a Mac machine, it helps speed it up as well. Again, that’s crucial in cloud gaming. Even if everything else is on the cloud, it is still critical to have a good running Mac machine to play the games. Needless to say, the PowerMyMac software can help any Mac machine perform better and faster. It can speed up a Mac with just a couple of clicks.

The PowerMyMac is compatible with macOS 10.11/10.12/10.13/10.14.

In Conclusion

The answers to the question, why are Macs bad for gaming, are pretty evident now. There are a lot of reasons why Macs aren’t ideal for gaming. One could also surmise that Macs are really not meant for gaming.

The good thing is, there is now a way to play more games on Mac. Thanks to GeForce Now, cloud gaming is possible on Mac.

With the PowerMyMac software, any Mac machine can be optimized for the better cloud gaming experience.

So, what are your thoughts on this? Feel free to share your thoughts by leaving a comment.

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PowerMyMac

A powerful all-in-one App for Mac

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Clean up and speed up your Mac with ease